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The Miami Art Journal

The House

New York City shifts incarceration infrastructure to four borough sites

The Editors ·

New York City shifts incarceration infrastructure to four borough sites

A report this week outlines the architectural framework for New York City’s plan to relocate inmates from the Rikers Island complex into four new jails located in Queens, Brooklyn, Manhattan, and the Bronx. The Borough-Based Jail Program, initiated in 2017, is overseen by the New York City Department of Design and Construction and involves collaboration with multiple architecture studios, including HOK, Cetra Ruddy, and Michael Graves. With the recent groundbreaking for the Manhattan facility, construction has commenced on all four projects, marking a significant step toward the closure of the existing island complex.

The Brooklyn jail represents the most advanced stage of development among the four, with an opening scheduled for 2029. The remaining three facilities are projected for completion in the early 2030s. This phased approach to infrastructure reflects a broader shift in the city’s approach to detention design, moving away from the centralized model of Rikers Island toward decentralized, neighborhood-integrated sites. The timeline underscores the long-term nature of these civic construction efforts.

Justice design remains a contested sector within the architectural profession. In 2020, AIA New York issued a statement urging studios to move away from designing prisons and detention centers, highlighting ethical concerns. Conversely, firms like HOK, which maintains a dedicated justice design arm, argue that architects have a responsibility to address serious social problems through their work. HOK is involved in the design of two of the four borough-based jails, maintaining a presence in this specialized field despite professional dissent.

The design specifications for these facilities emphasize mental health programming, safety for staff and visitors, and the creation of good civic architecture that relates to surrounding neighborhoods. Standard cell configurations include horizontally barred windows, a single bed, a desk, a stool, and a toilet. The Manhattan project, designed by HOK, incorporates circadian-rhythm lighting synced to outdoor conditions to replace harsh overhead illumination found in older facilities. Some cells will also feature individually controlled reading lights.

Interior visiting centers are being designed to be welcoming, reflecting a stated focus on providing dignified spaces for both the incarcerated and their visitors. The design strategy aims to create environments where people can thrive rather than feeling perpetually defensive. This aesthetic and functional approach seeks to redefine the sensory experience of detention, prioritizing human-centric details alongside security requirements.

Source: Dezeen